请问老师，present value是要未来有稳定现金流的，那像很多固定资产、有形资产只在买卖一刻有现金流产生，是不是就没有present value呢？

After noting positive changes in the aggregate index of coincident economic indicators, an increase in the ratio of consumer installment debt to income would most likely help confirm that an expansion is:A.forthcoming.B.underway.C.ending.为什么不是ending，滞后指标consumer installment不是增长了吗，那不是应该已经经历完了吗

If relative to prior values of their respective indicators, the inventory–sales ratio has risen, unit labor cost is stable, and real personal income has decreased, it is most likely that a peak in the business cycle: A.has occurred. B.is just about to occur. C.will occur sometime in the future.还是没太懂为什么不是B

senior unsecured debt 不也會有自己的評級嗎？ 債券會有自己評級 發行人也有自己評級 不太明白這題的logic

there are no interest on the margin loan is paid at the end ，還要算Call rate嗎？

Which of the following errors would most likely be a result of overfitting a machine learning model? A. Inability to recognize relationships within the training data B. A predictive model that treats true parameters as if they are noise C. The discovery of unsubstantiated patterns that lead to prediction errors为什么A不对c对

An analyst creating a dataset composed largely of product reviews would most likely classify the data sources as generated by: A. sensors. B. individuals. C. business processes.这是什么知识点

The computerized buying and selling of financial instruments, in accordance with pre-specified rules and guidelines, is best described as: A. a dark pool. B. robo-advising. C. algorithmic trading.这是什么知识点

为啥用e的指数计算

老师，这道题中，VaR的前提不也是要求收益率呈正态分布（收益率对称），可以用来衡量Alternative investment的下行风险吗？因为视频中说Sharpe ratio要求是收益率对称才能用，感觉VaR的这个前提更严格啊