第29题怎么做

關於Credit risk百題, question 41, page 21-76, question 1: what is the meaning of unconditional PD 1% in this question? it is for what purpose? question 2: the answer mentions that (-2.33-(-0.4))/0.9165 should be = -2.158, why the answer is 1.8% ? question 3: what if the question is changed to "unconditional PD 3% or 4%" , then what will be the new formulas to find the new answers?

贝塔应该如何理解，一定是杠杆吗？不能代表投资资产的风险相对于市场的风险倍数吗？

在volatility smile topic , why can’t European and American option use Delta approach? (Highlighted one red)

这道题，confidence level上升，按照VaR的公式u-zsegma，var值会变小啊，分母上的var值变小，整个式子上升才对吧？

老师第一条作为B给出现金要求的不应该是special collateral吗

左边和右边一个按照9%折现，一个按照rf3%折现，怎么理解哪个用9%，哪个用3%？

第33题，也有modified duration，为什么计算A1和L1时就不用久期了，而前边两道题在计算一年后价值时都是用债券久期算的

老师您好，operational risk一般为左偏还是右偏啊？为什么？

What is Spectral risk and distorted risk ?能用中文講解嗎？以及其差異