请老师画个vertical的图。谢谢

这道题c选项是怎样算的，感觉c选项说法有些奇怪

c的变化不是等于delta*s的变化+1/2gamma*s变化的平凡吗 那不应该delta和gamma都为正数，期权的价格变动越大吗 这样风险不就越大吗

请问这个N^*乘以1中的1是怎么来的？是所有用到delta时，每份对冲工具的delta都是1吗

题目中不是The futures price is 103 - 17/32？？

老师，求和公式的分子a1(1-q)与a1有什么区别？

解析声音太小了

A portfolio contains three independent bonds each with identical (i.i.d.) $100 par value, 3.0% probability of default (EDF) and loss given default (LGD) of 100%. What is, respectively, the 95.0% confident and 99.0% confident portfolio value at risk (VaR)? 答案：$100 and $100 at both 95% and 99% 这一题可否再详细解释一下，为什么是100元？VaR要怎么求

Over the next year, an operational process model predicts a 95% probability of no loss occurrence and a 5% probability of a single loss occurrence. If the single loss occurs, the severity is characterized by three possible outcomes: $10.0 million loss with 20% probability, $18.0 million loss with 50% probability, and $25.0 million loss with 30% probability. What is the model's one-year 90% expected shortfall (ES)? 这一题很不理解，预期5%损失的是18.5million，那变成10%预期损失不应该是乘以2吗，为什么反而是除以2？

请问一下我自己做的方法为什么不可以先求出总盈亏然后求收益率呢