senior unsecured debt 不也會有自己的評級嗎？ 債券會有自己評級 發行人也有自己評級 不太明白這題的logic

there are no interest on the margin loan is paid at the end ，還要算Call rate嗎？

Which of the following errors would most likely be a result of overfitting a machine learning model? A. Inability to recognize relationships within the training data B. A predictive model that treats true parameters as if they are noise C. The discovery of unsubstantiated patterns that lead to prediction errors为什么A不对c对

An analyst creating a dataset composed largely of product reviews would most likely classify the data sources as generated by: A. sensors. B. individuals. C. business processes.这是什么知识点

The computerized buying and selling of financial instruments, in accordance with pre-specified rules and guidelines, is best described as: A. a dark pool. B. robo-advising. C. algorithmic trading.这是什么知识点

为啥用e的指数计算

老师，这道题中，VaR的前提不也是要求收益率呈正态分布（收益率对称），可以用来衡量Alternative investment的下行风险吗？因为视频中说Sharpe ratio要求是收益率对称才能用，感觉VaR的这个前提更严格啊

为什么The variance of the error term is the same for all observations.对了？不应该是方差稳定吗，怎么能值相同

请问 半方差因为只考虑低于benchmark的数据部分 为什么分母是n-1 而不是它的一半：（n-1）/2 呢？

chi square只有单侧拒绝域？