老师，这个题，正常计算没问题，但是有一个疑问，换个公式算，是不是就不一样了 E(i)=Rf+β（Rm-Rf）， 很明显，Rf、Rm都一样，则E(i)大就β大，请老师解释下，这个问题出在哪里

32. What is the most important effect of labor productivity in a cost-push inflation scenario? A. Rising productivity indicates a strong economy and a bias towards inflation. B. The productivity level determines the economy’s status relative to its “natural rate of unemployment.” C. As productivity growth proportionately exceeds wage increases, product price increases are less likely. 整个题目看不太懂。烦请老师全面地解释一下，谢谢。 解答：32. C is correct. For productivity, or output per hour, the faster that it can grow, the further that wages can rise without putting pressure on business costs per unit of output.

pvd那个公式哪里来的，derivatives里好像没有，是之前数量的内容吗

A选项中，多头换成空头，如何进行操作？不需要像forward contract中重新签一个offsetting contract？

20. During an economic recovery, a lagging unemployment rate is most likely attributable to: A. businesses quickly rehiring workers. B. new jobseekers entering the labor force. C. underemployed workers transitioning to higher-paying jobs. 为什么C不对呢，C和B的区别在哪里？

此处为何方差为3？

老师，这一个reading好像缺share repurchase的内容

老师，对于业内转手和二次销售的区别能再给我讲一下吗？做题时还是有点分不清。

请问 finianlial reporting mechanism 这个reading 在实际考试中还有题目么

图中老师讲的弹性大于0或者小于0是不是讲错了，是大于1或者小于1两种情况吧？