按书上说的，var不应该是减小吗

var值不是置信区间 数值和时间构成吗，为什么可以鉴定出风险因素（我对第四个的理解就是他能分辨出组合的主要风险是什么，如信用风险或操作风险等等）

老师您好，这个式子中Ft是带有%的吗？书上那些公式如何区分Ft是有%的还是没有%的？

6. A portfolio manager is examining data regarding various index futures contracts traded at the CME Group. Which of the following observations would the portfolio manager most likely view as a potential problem? A. The volume in a specific contract is greater than the open interest. B. One specific contract is of a much smaller size than the others. C. The prior settlement price for a specific contract is above the opening price. D. In a specific contract, the last day on which trading can occur is not specified. Correct Answer: D 老师好，这题怎么回事

这题的call的price美式期权不需要折现吧？怎么回事？

An investor has entered into a forward rate agreement where she has contracted to pay a fixed rate of 5 percent on $5,000,000 based on the quarterly rate in three months. If interest rates are compounded quarterly, and the floating rate is 2.5 percent in three months, what is the payoff at the end of the sixth month? 老师，对于FRA，怎么判断其方向（支付还是收到），特别是计算payoff时，讲义里有两个公式，感觉不是很好应用，能否对这块的方向判断做个总结，谢谢。

老师好，在计算worst case loss的时候，为什么选用了terminal value (20000)*3，而非portfolio value(1000000)?

老师您好，能解释一下为什么债道题的worst case loss 是用28*1m/1000得出?即为什么选取这三个数值?

这个表格里的数据都是指的什么，不太懂上半部分表格的含义

老师您好，为什么worse case loss 是5000000?