直接用前三年的违约概率相加也等于同样的结果，这样算的方式对吗？

本题是2019教材182页的第17题，BC两项，如何辨析呢？？

本题是2019版教材181页的16题， 在一级市场发行股票，怎么会提高流动性呢？？这是最不靠谱的吧？？流动性不是二级市场的事情吗？？C选项，我认为是发行股票的重要原因，公司有好项目但是缺钱，此时融来了钱，就是为了提高ROE的，否则原先的股东肯定不会同意发行新股，对不？？我认为本题的答案，很有待商榷

A put option with an exercise price of 80 will expire in 73 days. No cash payments will be made by the underlying asset over the life of the option. If the underlying asset is at 75 and the risk-free rate of return is 5.0 percent, what are the lower bounds for an American put option and a European put option, respectively, closest to: A for an American put option is 4.22; for a European put option is 5.00. B for an American put option is 5; for a European put option is 4.22. C for an American put option is 4.22; for a European put option is 4.22. 这个题解答下

01.单选题 收藏 标记 纠错 A call option with a strike price of 60 will expire in 80 days. No cash payments will be made by the underlying asset over the life of the option. If the underlying asset price is 70 and the risk-free rate of return is 5.0 percent, the lower bound for an American call option and a European call option, respectively, are closest to A the lower bound for an American call option is 10; the lower bound for a European call option is 10.64. B the lower bound for an American call option is 10.64; the lower bound for a European call option is 10. C the lower bound for an American call option is 10.64; the lower bound for a European call option is 10.64. 这个题啥也听不见，麻烦老师讲解

第10题：本题ADR的分类，老师也没讲呀，讲义也没有，此题有没有总结，另外想问一下，这种题目，记忆性的东西，有必要掌握吗？？考试会考吗？要不要放弃呢？？ 11题：本题搞不懂什么意思，也无法选择哪个选项，怎么一个gain exposure的方法呢？？

AC两项是什么意思呢？？题干中的recent trend是指什么趋势？？ 咱们老师在课上没提这个东西呀。 A选项不就错了嘛，为什么不担心自己国内市场的风险呢？不是说发展中国家的流动性差嘛，为什么还不担心呢？？ C选项：就拿中概股来说，不就从美国股市融来很多资本嘛，美国股市不是比中国股市稳定嘛，哪里错了呢？？

本题中的C选项的夹层资本是什么东西？？为什么会在VC中存在呢？？VC是高风险的东西，也能用带有借款成分的夹层成份来搞吗？？

有翻译吗

At expiration, a European put option will be valuable if the exercise price is: A less than the underlying price. B equal to the underlying price. C greater than the underlying price.这个题不理解