老师，我想问有关swap调duration。什么时候要除100呢？图二里除了100，但是题干里面没有交代。还是说MD的不用，BPV的都要除？不管题干如何交代？

mock136 第57题 这题我看答案发现用的是periodic 方法计算的。 老师我英文不好，文中有没有哪个词告知了用期间方法计算？

請問2018 – Q3 Institutional ABC這樣寫可以嗎? A. Spending requirement = nominal return – inflation rate – management fee = 7 – 1.5% - 0.33% = 5.17% B. i. low ability to take risk 1. The foundation will not receive a donation which indicates no cushion to absorb investment losses; 2. The foundation solely sponsors local youth center, which will limit the ability of the foundation to take a risk; ii. High ability to take risk 1. The foundation is operating perpetual, which allows the foundation to absorb short-term investment losses; 2. There are no debt-like liabilities, which suggests the foundation might skip the spending. C. 1. The cash reserve will be higher because of increases in the uncertainty of cash outflow; 2. The changes in the spending rule will cause a higher liquidity requirement because the average monthly asset value is more volatile than the asset value at the beginning of a year.

老师，Case2 第四题中within section allocation 实际上是selection effect吧？如果是的话，case 6如何理解？

opertaing 可以是A，C，根据GAAP

opertaing 可以是A，C，根据GAAP

VER和quota不是只是进口方或者出口方不同么？为什么VER的government revenue会全部损失掉？讲义上说的是no change呀

老师您好，productivity一直都指一个人的生产效率么？不会是整个企业或者是整个社会的生产效率么？

老师您好，aggregate economic activity应当如何翻译呢？指哪一类活动？

老师好，dL du不好好给，还可以描述的那么奇怪。。。。。