我的概念不清晰，请问income needs和liquidity needs的区别是什么？能否举例说明一下？

每一次计算完以后怎么清零啊？因为第二次算N就会显示上一次使用的数据个数。

老师，金融计算器，已知EAR求r的时候需要金融计算器开根号计算，那么4次根号，怎么在金融计算器里按呢？谢谢老师

The valuation allowance is taken against deferred tax assets to represent uncertainty that future taxable income will be sufficient to fully utilize the assets. By decreasing the allowance, Zimt is signaling greater likelihood that future earnings will be offset by the deferred tax asset.能帮我翻译下吗 我实在看不懂，这个tax loss future 和这个allowance主要是干嘛的

nominal GDP 和 real GDP 只差一个inflation rate，那为什么nominal GDP 增长不等于 real GDP增长？

A company purchased a €2,000 million long-term asset in 2009 when the corporate tax rate was 30 percent. On January 15 2010, the government lowered the corporate tax rate to 25 percent for 2010 and beyond. The deferred tax liability (€) as at 31 December 2010 is closest to: A 130. B 156. C 205. 这个课上老师讲的如果税率改变的话 要对之前的差异值也按新税率算么。有点蒙啊

延长时间能增加使用valuation allowance的成功率，跟减少valuation allowance有啥关系呢

increase/decrease 在 IS/LM/AD 的题中表示的都是平移的增加减小。在S/D/MC 之类的题中之的是沿线的增加减小？我的理解对不对？还有什么要补充的吗？

A company purchased fixed asset for ￥500,000 on 1 January 2001. It's useful life is 10 years. Use a straight-line method for accounting purposes, but for tax purposes it is using the declining balance method at a rate of 20%. Given a tax rate of 30%, the deferred tax liability at the end of 2003 is closest to: 这里我有点疑惑 折旧不同是影响费用，费用影响利润，但他答案是直接根据资产剩余价格的差值计税。这个事情要怎么理解，如果计税是根据资产净值

Boom in the stock market. 说的是股票市场的繁荣。那还有没有类似Boom 这样中文翻译看不出来，但其实带有感情色彩的词？