请问为什么溢价发行债券时，折现率小于couponratee

老师，请讲解一下这题，谢谢Equality between aggregate expenditure and aggregate output implies that the government’s fiscal deficit must equal: A Private saving – Investment – Net exports. B Private saving – Investment + Net exports. C Investment – Private saving + Net exports.

这道例题 选项B没听懂

老师，请帮忙讲解一下这题，谢谢。If the GDP deflator values for Year 1 and Year 3 were 190 and 212.8, respectively, which of the following best describes the annual growth rate of the overall price level?

老师，请问原版书431页关于mark-to-market value，黄色笔划的，为什么在远期合约开始时，合约的mark-to-market value是0？

老师好，原版书317页。这个固收，在利率上升的时候应该over还是underhedge，在利率下降的时候应该over还是underhedge，还是没看明白，也没明白背后的原理。求解析，谢谢！

这里benefit payment 和contribution 两段看不懂，best schedule 和 full funded 是指什么

题目看不出题眼，如何根据问题倒退解题思路的步骤？

针对第四小问，哑变量就是X只有0和1这两种情况，当X等于0是，Y就等于常数b0，是这么解释么？对于这道题目来说哑变量是啥意思？

请问冲刺笔记下册172页4.5，为什么saving funds的投资目标会有“making ongoing spending on government budgetary needs”？