第8题中reason2说到， Unlike bond mutual funds，ETF交易确实可能是折价的，因为债券本身的流动性差，但债券流动性差不也会造成bond mutual funds同样折价吗？

老师您好，请问CFA二级你们有没有总结公式的sheet可以发我看看呀，我做题的时候经常会忘记公式。

老师，题目说需求曲线的价格弹性系数为-1，没有说价格弹性是-1，究竟怎么理解这道题呢？

为什么贝塔equity包含了asset debt, 而不是，贝塔asset包含了debt 和equity?

Gross investment in fixed assets是什么意思？为什么两年都是同样的数？

8 When earnings are increased by deferring research and development (R&D) investments until the next reporting period, this choice is considered: A non-compliant accounting. B earnings management as a result of a real action. C earnings management as a result of an accounting choice.为什么不选C？

为什么直接法里一收四支出，收入里美国准则下还有利息收入、股利收入，这些呢？不应该是3收四只吗？

评估企业的performance不需要高盈利质量吧？只要报告质量是高的就可以评估企业的performance

对lessor来说，1）IFRS下的Finance lease和US GAAP下的sales-type lease和Direct fiance lease记账是一样的吗？2）IFRS下Finance lease和Operating lease的记账是一样的吗？

15 A company redeems $1,000,000 face value bonds with a carrying value of $990,000. If the call price is 104 the company will: A reduce bonds payable by $1,000,000. B recognize a loss on the extinguishment of debt of $50,000. C recognize a gain on the extinguishment of debt of $10,000. 15 B is correct. If a company decides to redeem a bond before maturity, bonds payable is reduced by the carrying amount of the debt. The difference betwee the cash required to redeem the bonds and the carrying amount of the bonds is a gain or loss on the extinguishment of debt. Because the call price is 104 and the face value is $1,000,000, the redemption cost is 104% of $1,000,000 or $1,040,000. The company’s loss on redemption would be $50,000 ($990,000 ca- rying amount of debt minus $1,040,000 cash paid to redeem the callable bonds). callable bond是什么？