ShirleyWan2022-05-26 01:43:06

L3V3 P202. I'd like to ask something about the tracking error and transaction cost. (1) If the tracking error measures the divergence in portfolio price and benchmark price, does that mean whatever causes the price difference could affect the tracking error? (2) In the diagram, why is the "tracking error gross of trading cost" continuously declining when both tracking error and transaction cost are increasing? (3) How to guarantee a convex U-shape but not a concave U-shape? If the first security purchased for the portfolio is illiquid, then transaction cost dominates and tracking error should increase.