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让同学2021-10-07 12:20:59

case3 Q2 我觉得选项C不对。cashless collar里short call会有capital gain tax on premium的,此外,short sell+持有股票属于market neutral,而cashless collar由于是股票中心策略,还保留着exposure,或者说beta to stock,这种说法是否正确?

回答(1)

Nicholas2021-10-08 13:19:47

同学,下午好。
这里收到期权费的同时也会支出期权费,净额为0,所以可认为没有期权相关资本利得;
该策略上下封口,一定程度上对冲了风险和market neutral虽然不能比,但是市场风险较小,如果说完全没有β敞口不对,可以说一定程度上对冲了风险。

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不是说有mismatch in character的问题吗?short call premium和long put cost并不能完全对等抵消,short call premium现在(本年度)就要征税,而long put是作为成本,未来如果行权有收益,可抵减tax,如果expire out of money,也可以当成tax saving的工具。两个税的清算时间不同,不能抵消。
追答
同学,早上好。 1.A key tax issue that arises when hedging restricted shares and employee stock options is the potential tax inefficiency that can result if the instrument being hedged and the tool that is being used to hedge it produce income and loss of a different character. This problem is called a mismatch in character. 这个问题说的是我用衍生品对冲股票期权,股票期权的收益用Income tax征收,衍生品的收益用Capital gain tax征收,因为税收特征不符,不能用衍生品资本利得损失对应的税来递减股票期权的收入税,最后导致的结果是该损失损失,该交税胶水,导致税收效率低下; 2.我们探讨的是cashless问题,即一般默认是没有成本的(Cashless (Zero-Premium) Collars,Investors holding a concentrated position can implement what is commonly referred to as a cashless, or zero-premium, collar to (1) hedge against a decline in the price of a stock, (2) retain a certain degree of upside potential with respect to the stock, and (3) defer the capital gains tax while avoiding any out-of-pocket expenditure. The investor retains any dividend income and voting rights.) 如果同学描述可能会考虑期权费差额问题,那是另一回事,这种情况就需要讨论期权费差额的问题; 这里的到期期限是相同的,且一般为欧式期权,因此不需考虑提前执行时间不一的问题。
追问
所以一般情况下是默认cashless collar里call和put是同时行权、premium对等,只不过行权价不同是吧,而forward conversion with option里是行权价相同、maturity相同,但是premium不同。 如果是讨论到call和put本身的mismatch,题目会强调说行权时间不同是吗?如果是在不同年份去行权,那肯定存在mismatch,如果是同一年内先后行权,那还存在mismatch吗?
追答
同学,早上好。 1.我们之前截取内容是源自原版书的,那么到期和期权费相等是确定的,关于执行价的问题如下: When structuring cashless collars, investors buy puts with a strike price that is either at or, more typically, slightly below the current price of the stock. The investor must pay a premium to acquire the puts and in return is fully protected (subject to the credit risk of the counterparty) from any loss should the stock price fall below the strike price of the puts. 也就是一般等于或低于当前股价,考虑到相同的期权费,那么执行价一般是不同的; 2.A forward conversion with options 中涉及synthetic short forward position,那我们援引衍生品中定义如下, The combination of a long call and a short put with identical strike price and expiration, traded at the same time on the same underlying, is equivalent to a synthetic long forward position. 也就是执行价和到期日都是一样的,这种情况下期权费一般是不同的; 3.如果到期期限不同,则题目会具体说明。不同年份需要考虑,同一年则不需考虑,不会那么详细。

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