yohna2019-04-18 13:54:50
百题组合case5第5题和第六题,需要解释一下painting the tape与闪崩的那个fictitious order的区别。根据上课老师举得例子,第五题更像是闪崩,不像painting the tape啊?然后再解释一下什么是wash trading和quote stuffing?上课都没讲。
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Chris Lan2019-04-18 17:35:50
yohna同学你好
Wash trading:一种市场操纵的形式,交易员同买同卖相同的金融工具,增加交易量,引起其它市场参与者对交易员想卖出的金融工具产生兴趣和需求,本质就是通过虚增交易量,引起市场参与者的关注,并趁机出货
Painting the tape:交易员以更好的价格执行自己的交易之前,操纵盘口顶部使市场价格朝着一个方向变化的行为。例如,一个交易者不断地在市场上以小量订单来拉高价格,将盘口的价格拉到的比较高的位置,再趁机出货
quote stuffing:向市场发送大量虚假订单,以分散其他算法的注意力,本质为向市场传递虚假交易订单,以影响其它市场参与者的算法交易,例如:其它市场参与者的算法是根据某个市场指标来做交易判断的,交易员就通过操纵市场从而影响这一指标,进而影响其它市场参与者的算法,做出错误的交易行为
闪崩是一种市场现象,在2010年5月6日美国市场出现了闪崩,当时美国股票和期货价格在几分钟内下跌近10%。这是由于算法交易带来的问题。闪崩是一种市场现象。关于这方面,你可以看看原版书第六本P545页,有关闪崩的描述,我把相关的两段摘录出来给你看一下。
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Fear of an unfair advantage. There is a strong perception among members of the US Congress and the public at large that algorithmic traders have an unfair advantage relative to other market participants. Because they are often co-located with the trading venues and have super-fast algorithms, it is perceived that they can see market movements milliseconds before other participants and thus perhaps “front run” the ordinary investor. Many also contend that such behavior as spoofing is widespread.
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The flash crash, Knight Capital Group fiasco, Libor manipulation, and FX manipulation are some events among many that have been attributed—rightly or wrongly—to high-frequency traders. Because algorithmic firms have access to order book data, they can learn from and back test strategies by using information that is not readily available to other investors. And lastly, it is perceived that regulators are lagging in their capability to monitor the activity of high-frequency traders.
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Acceleration and accentuation of market movements. Algorithms have no emotion; they are looking for pre-programmed opportunities and will ruthlessly execute against them. Although algorithms did not cause the flash crash, it is likely they accelerated and accentuated it. Market panic in particular instruments can trigger stop-losses and a rapidly declining price, which may lead an algorithm to short those instruments to buy them back at a profit.
(由于答疑平台有字数限制,因此分三次复制上,前面两个是一段的。)
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我知道闪崩是个现象,但是这个现象是在fictitious order策略中讲的。问得是printing the tape 和 fictitious order的区别。老师上课讲的printing the rape 是用两个反向大订单,由于交易顺序不一样,散户只看到了大单愿意被看到了的景象,而反向订单还没看到引起的价格变动。fictitious order是用一堆小订单吸引,最后出大订单的。
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同学你好,
Fictitious orders是虚假订单的总称,表示所有用假订单,或不能被执行的订单来操纵市场的订单。他的动机是通过假订单操纵价格,从而使得算法交易做出错误的判断。
quote stuffing、layering and spoofing这三种具体的策略都算是Fictitious orders。
quote stuffing:向市场发送大量虚假订单,以分散其他算法的注意力,本质为向市场传递虚假交易订单,以影响其它市场参与者的算法交易,例如:其它市场参与者的算法是根据某个市场指标来做交易判断的,交易员就通过操纵市场从而影响这一指标,进而影响其它市场参与者的算法,做出错误的交易行为
layering:目的是通过在市场的一端放置合法订单,在另一端放置多个非法订单,以诱使参与者与真实订单进行交易,从而引发价格的快速上涨或下跌。(这种方法说白了就是在做对倒)
spoofing:使用算法设置了不打算执行的极限订单(挂一个比盘口价格低一些的大单,其它参与者会以为有人要大单买入,因此就会抢先建仓,之后再把这个假的大单撤掉)
另外Painting the tape我之前解释过,我再贴过来,你做一下对比。
Painting the tape:交易员以更好的价格执行自己的交易之前,操纵盘口顶部使市场价格朝着一个方向变化的行为。例如,一个交易者不断地在市场上以小量订单来拉高价格,将盘口的价格拉到的比较高的位置,再趁机出货
这里我再把这几种方法的特点再给你说一下:
quote stuffing:这个是大量发假单子,目的是影响其它人的算法交易,做出错误的判断从而为自己牟利
layering:通过对倒,真单子挂出来,通过假单子对倒,把价拉起来,或打下来,为自己牟利
spoofing:挂个不会执行的大单,影响市场的预期,为自己牟利
Painting the tape:一步一步用小单子,把价格拉起来,就像几步放一个大米,几步放一个大米,目的是为了把别人家的小鸡引出来这种感觉
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